What major global competition began during the Cold War?

The major global competition that began during the Cold War, identified as the space race, was characterized by the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union in achieving significant achievements in space exploration. This competition was fueled by the broader context of the Cold War, which involved political, military, and ideological conflicts between the two superpowers.

The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 marked the beginning of this intense rivalry. It prompted the United States to accelerate its space program, ultimately leading to significant milestones such as the Apollo moon landing in 1969. The space race symbolized not only technological competition but also the desire to demonstrate superiority in scientific achievement and global leadership.

While options related to economics, arms, and trade reflect important aspects of the Cold War context, they do not specifically capture the unique competitive drive for advancements in space technology and exploration that defined the space race. Thus, the focus on technology and national pride during this period primarily encapsulates the essence of the space race as a pivotal global competition.